References

1. Physicians Desk Reference. (2020). Plan B One-Step (levonorgestrel) dose, indications, adverse effects, interactions… from PDR.net. Retrieved from https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Plan-B-One-Step-levonorgestrel-573
2. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf
3. Larimore, W. L. (2000). The abortifacient effect of the birth control pill and the principle of the ‘double effect. Ethics & Medicine, 16(1), 23-30.
4. WEBSTER v. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES,” The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, accessed June 21, 2014, http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1988/1988_88_605/

1. Foundation Consumer Healthcare. (2019). Plan B FAQs: What is Plan B? Retrieved February 12, 2020, from https://www.planbonestep.com/faqs/ 
2. Physicians Desk Reference. (2020). Plan B One-Step (levonorgestrel) Dosage and Indications from PDR.net. Retrieved from https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Plan-B-One-Step-levonorgestrel-573#5
3. Trussell, J., Raymond, E., Cleland, K. (2019, January). Emergency contraception: A last chance to prevent unintended pregnancy. Retrieved from http://ec.princeton.edu/questions/ec-review.pdf
4. Foundation Consumer Healthcare. (2019). Plan B Onestep Side Effects. Retrieved February 12, 2020, from https://www.planbonestep.com/faqs/
5. Physicians Desk Reference. (2020). Plan B One-Step (levonorgestrel) Mechanism of Action from PDR.net. Retrieved from https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Plan-B-One-Step-levonorgestrel-573#14
6. Larimore, W. L. (2000). The abortifacient effect of the birth control pill and the principle of the ‘double effect.’ Ethics & Medicine, 16(1), 23-30.
7.  WEBSTER v. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES,” The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, accessed June 21, 2014, http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1988/1988_88_605/.
8. Foundation Consumer Healthcare. (2019). Plan B Onestep Side Effects. Retrieved February 12, 2020, from https://www.planbonestep.com/how-plan-b-works/

1A. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 1. Indications. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf

1B. Afaxys. (2019, May 14). Ella® | Emergency Contraceptive | Info for Health Care Professionals. Ellanow.com. Retrieved February 4, 2020, from https://ellanow.com/hcp/   

1. C. Morning-After Pill | Emergency Contraception | ella®. (2015, December 23). Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://ellanow.com/ FAQs: What is ella?
2. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 4. Contraindications. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf
3. Morning-After Pill | Emergency Contraception | ella®. (2015, December 23). Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://ellanow.com/ How effective is ella?
4. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 8.4 Pediatric use. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf
5. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf
6. Larimore, W. L. (2000). The abortifacient effect of the birth control pill and the principle of the ‘double effect. Ethics & Medicine, 16(1), 23-30.
7. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf
8. Harrison, D. J., & Mitroka, J. G. (2010). Defining reality: The potential role of pharmacists in assessing the impact of progesterone receptor modulators and misoprostol in reproductive health.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy,45(1), 115-19.
9. Food & Drug Administration. (2010). Ella full prescribing information. 8.1 Pregnancy. Accessed on February 5, 2020 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022474s000lbl.pdf
10. Larner JM, Reel JR, Blye RP. (2000) Circulating concentrations of the antiprogestins CDB-2914 and mifepristone in the female rhesus monkey following various routes of administration. Hum Reprod.15(5): 1100-06.
11. Donnez, J., Arriagada, P., Marciniak, M., & Larrey, D. (2018). Liver safety parameters of ulipristal acetate for the treatment of uterine fibroids: a comprehensive review of the clinical development program. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 17(12), 1225-1232. doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1550070

1. Thorp, J.M., Hartmann, K.E., Shadigian, E. (2003). Long-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced abortion: Review of the evidence. Obstet Gynecol Surv.58(1):67–79.

2. Cougle J., Reardon, D.C, & Coleman, P. K. (2003). Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: A long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort. Medical Science Monitor, 9 (4), CR105-112.

3. Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, J., Ridder, E. M. (2006). Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 16-24.

4. Pedersen W. (2008). Abortion and depression: A population-based longitudinal study of young women. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36 (4):424-8.

5. Rees, D. I. & Sabia, J. J. (2007) The relationship between abortion and depression: New evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Medical Science Monitor, 13 (10), 430-436.

6. Cougle, J., Reardon, D.C., Coleman, P. K. (2005). Generalized anxiety associated with unintended pregnancy: A cohort study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders,19 (10), 137-142.

7. Coleman, P.K., Rue, V.M., Coyle, C.T. ( 2009). Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey. Public Health, 123(4):331–38.

8. Coyle, C. (2007). Men and abortion: A review of empirical reports. Internet J of Mental Health, 3(2).

9. Rue, V. (1996). His abortion experience: The effects of abortion on men. Ethics and Medics, 21(4), 3–4.

10. Coyle, C., Rue, V. (2014). A thematic analysis of men’s experience with a partner’s elective abortion. Counseling and Values, 60:138-150.

11. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 8, 2016, from http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm111323.htm.

12. Raymond, E. G., Shannon, C., Weaver, M. A., & Winikoff, B. (2013). First-trimester medical abortion with mifepristone 200 mg and misoprostol: a systematic review.Contraception, 26-37. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2012.06.011.

13. Chen, Q. (2011). Mifepristone in combination with prostaglandins for termination of 10–16 weeks’ gestation: a systematic review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 159, 247–254.85.

14. Chen, M. J., & Creinin, M. D. (2015). Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 126(1), 12-21. doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000000897

15. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 8, 2016, from http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm111323.htm.

16. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March). Mifeprex label information. Retrieved from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020687s020lbl.pdf.

17. The Endowment for Human Development. (2006). The Rapidly Growing Brain. Retrieved from http://www.ehd.org/movies.php?mov_id=28.

18. The Endowment for Human Development. (2006). Right- and Left-Handedness. Retrieved from http://www.ehd.org/movies.php?mov_id=44.

19. Physician’s Desk Reference (2014). Drug Summary: Methotrexate. Retrieved October 28, 2015, from http://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/methotrexate-tablets?druglabelid=1797&id=2398.

20. Creinin, M. , Danielsson, KG.(2009). Medical Abortion in Early Pregnancy. In Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Comprehensive abortion care (pp.114, 120-29). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

21. Kapp, N., von Hertzen, H. (2009). Medical Methods to Induce Abortion in the Second Trimester. In Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Comprehensive abortion care (pp. 178-88). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

22. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2013). Practice Bulletin: Second-trimester abortion (135).

23. Paul, M., Lichtenberg, E. S., Borgatta, L., Grimes, D. A., Stubblefield, P. G., & Creinin, M. D. (2009). First Trimester Aspiration Abortion. In Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Comprehensive abortion care (pp. 135-156).

24. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. (2014). In-Clinic Abortion Procedures : Planned Parenthood. Retrieved July 19, 2014.

25. Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. (2014). In-Clinic Abortion Procedures : Planned Parenthood. Retrieved October 28, 2015.

26. Paul, M., Lichtenberg, E. S., Borgatta, L., Grimes, D. A., Stubblefield, P. G., & Creinin, M. D. (2009). Dilation and Evacuation. In Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Comprehensive abortion care (pp. 157-74). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

27. Paul, M., Lichtenberg, E. S., Borgatta, L., Grimes, D. A., Stubblefield, P. G., & Creinin, M. D. (2009). Dilation and Evacuation. In Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Comprehensive abortion care (pp. 157-74). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

28. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (2013). Practice Bulletin: Second-Trimester Abortion (135).

29. Pasquini, L., et al. Intracardiac injection of potassium chloride as method for feticide: Experience from a single U.K. tertiary centre. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;115(4):528–31.

 1. Food and Drug Administration. (2016, March). Mifeprex Medication Guide. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020687s022lbl.pdf#page=16

2. Food and Drug Administration. (2018, March 28). Questions and answers on Mifeprex. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/questions-and-answers-mifeprex

3. Delgado G, et al. A Case Series Detailing the Successful Reversal of the Effects of Mifepristone Using Progesterone. Issues Law Med. Spring 2018;33(1):21-31. PMID:30831017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Issues+in+Law+and+Medicine+(2018)+33(1)%3A+21-+31

4. Ibid

1. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm111323.htm.

2. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm111323.htm.

3. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm492705.htm.

4. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm492705.htm.

5. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2016, March 30). Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm111323.htm.